探索维护矿业环境公平的民众参与

Exploring the Fair Public Participation of Maintenance of Mining Environment

传统矿业开发给社区环境造成污染和破坏,企业获取利润的同时让民众承担环境成本。实证分析发现,矿业环境非公平格局,在于政府及其制度偏向矿业环境权而忽视公民环境权,导致社区公民环境权缺失;民众环境权意识增强和环境资源增值,诱致民众追求环境公平的制度创新。让矿业社区民众参与矿业项目的市场进入、市场开发以及市场退出的全过程,以保障矿业环境公平。维护环境公平的民众参与属于当事人权利竞争,是环境收入的一种重新分配。政府是民众参与的组织者,从政府代替民众到政府必须组织民众维权的转变,是民众推动社会管理创新的收益大于成本的诱致性制度变迁。

The traditional mining development has caused pollution and damage to the environment of the community. The enterprises get profits while people bear the environmental costs. From empirical analysis, we found that mining environment is not a fair pattern. The government and its system are in favor of mining environmental rights while ignoring the environmental rights of citizens, which results in the lack of community citizens environmental rights. The awareness of public environmental rights and environmental resources induces people to pursue the system innovation of fair environment. Mining community residents participate in mining projects, market entry, market development and market exit process to protect the fairness of mining environment. The public who protects the fairness of environment belongs to the rights of parties, which is a kind of environmental income reallocation. The government is the organizer of public participation. The transformation that the government takes place of the public at first, then the government must organize the public to protect the rights is induced institutional change that the benefit of the public to promote social management innovation is greater than the cost.