美国文官制度改革的专业主义价值:演进与评析

Value of Professionalism in the American Civil Service Reform:Evolution and Criticism

为适应政府事务多样化与复杂化,美国联邦政府逐渐强调公共决策的客观分析与科学理性,彰显了公共人事行政的专业主义价值。本文旨在介绍"专业主义"的内涵同时通过聚焦美国文官制度改革,阐述美国联邦政府如何帮助高级专业人才在政策过程中树立专业权威,并通过创建高级专业技术类文官序列,不断完善其制度体系,探讨专业主义价值逐步从孕育、确立到推崇的历史演进。最后,通过评析专业主义价值对于美国联邦政府人事治理的影响及积极效用,启示在我国现今行政环境下如何合理、灵活运用专业主义理念并有效利用专家进行治国理政。

With the purpose of adapting to the diversified and complex public affairs, American government gradually underlines the importance of objective analysis and scientific rationality during the process of public decision-making, so the value of professionalism for American Civil Service Reform is progressively revealed and worshiped. This paper mainly focuses on the American Civil Service Reform and takes an angle of professionalism to explore how American government makes full use of senior professionals and helps to set the professional authority during the policy process, how it establishes the series of senior professionals and gradually develops its system, and how it finally makes the value of professionalism to be implemented. This is greatly significant for China to reasonably and flexibly utilize the idea of professionalism and expert-based governing given the current administrative context