政治精英在村庄治理中的角色:一种比较发展的视角

The Role of Leaders in Village Governance: A Comparative and Evolutionary Vision

本文以S村的土地股份合作社作为具体实例来探讨作为政治精英的村干部在村庄治理和制度创新中的角色,展现其在农村地区发展新型集体组织的原创性。分析影响村干部行为的因素:可支配的资源、政治环境、村民反应。将当今的村干部与帝国时代的地方士绅进行比较,尽管没有得到官方正式授权也不是国家的代理人,他们却同样在社区生活中起着极其重要的作用。通过与法国农村社会相比可以发现,在农业经济市场化的条件下,通过新的形式保护农民的传统依然得以保持。

The paper exams the role of leaders in village governance and institutional innovation in rural China, through case study researches the Country Land Joint-stock Cooperative in S Village. The paper features the creativity of village leaders in developing this new organization in rural China. Then we analyze the factors which influence village leaders＇ behavior： the resources they possess; the political environment they face; and villagers＇ reaction. By comparing them with gentry in imperial China, we come to the conclusion that today＇ s village leaders, neither officials nor agencies, connect the local authority with villagers and play a big role in the community, just as important as their ancient counterparts did. By comparing with French rural society, we confirm that under the condition of the marketing of agricultural economics, traditional protection of farmers is maintained through new forms.