基于参与式制图的村域土地利用时空格局分析——以北京平谷区大庄户村为例

Analysis of Rural Land Use Change Based on Participatory Mapping: A Case Study of Dazhuanghu Village in Pinggu District,Beijing

基于高分影像及参与式村域用地制图方法,对典型城郊村庄大庄户村进行微观尺度长时序土地利用变化定量研究,反演其40年用地格局变化并分析其驱动因素。结果表明:1971—2010年大庄户村用地变化显著,土地利用综合动态度呈先增后减的倒"U"型趋势,且1981—1990年变化速度最快;地类转换主要表现为耕地流失与建设用地扩展,公路两侧及公路与居民点之间是变化最显著的区域;宏观政策、大城市辐射、村域发展及交通引力是用地格局演变的重要驱动因素;保障城郊村域土地可持续利用需在耕地保护、土地征收、集约节约用地、生态构建、产业用地协调及基础设施建设等方面予以强化。

In-depth analysis of metropolis suburbs village land use change in the micro-scale can be meaning- ful in explaining issues such as hollow village and rural settlements land miniature, and giving policy evidences on improving people＇ s well-being. Dazhuanghu Village,located in Donggaocun Town of Pinggu District in Beijing,is a typical village of metropolis suburb whose land use pattern was greatly influenced by the city＇ s urbanization. Based on remote sensing imagery and the Participatory Rural Appraisal （PRA） , the research works on the evolutionary process of land use pattern of Dahuanghu,reappears land use conditions of different periods from 1970s to 2000s, calculates the comprehensive and single land use dynamic index（LUDI） of each period and land-use type,analysis on the space-time pattern evolvement of arable land and rural residential land, and have a discussion the driving mechanism of all these changes. The conclusions as follows ： （ 1 ） PRA is a simple and efficient method with high in- teraction and participation of rural households, and provides a feasible approach for obtaining historical land use da- ta and information for micro-scale study. So this method can be used to make historical land use maps, and ensures good mapping accuracy at the same time. （2） Land use keeps changing during 1971--2000 in Dazhuanghu Village, and 1981--1990 has the highest changing speed. （3）The loss of arable land and the expansion of rural construc- tion land are the most significant reflections of land use changes. The lost arable land mostly has been used for agri- cultural facility and rural residential construction, while the rural residential expansion is mainly from arable land and agricultural facility land. （4） Macro policy evolution, metropolis radiant power, the economic and social devel- opment of the village and traffic infrastructure construction directionality are main driving mechanism factors. （5） More attention and useful measures are strongly needed on arable land protection,land expropriation,land economi- industrial land coordination and infrastructure construction.