供水方式和施氮量对冬小麦生长、生理及产量的影响

Effects of Irrigation Regiones and Nitrogen Application Rate on Growth,Physiology and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

利用盆栽实验研究了供水方式及施氮量对冬小麦生长、生理及产量的影响.结果显示:经历正常供水—拔节期干旱—花期前水分恢复处理后,正常施氮下常规供水冬小麦生长、生理和产量受到的影响较分根交替供水冬小麦更为明显;而高氮下无论哪种供水处理下冬小麦各个指标均未受到显著影响.表现在:正常施氮下常规供水冬小麦净光合速率和蒸腾速率在水分恢复后未能恢复到对照水平,水分利用效率(WUE)恢复较慢,产量也明显低于对照;而正常施氮分根交替供水处理下小麦净光合速率和蒸腾速率在复水后与对照相比没有显著差异,WUE恢复较快,产量亦未明显低于对照.以上结果表明分根交替供水更利于节水.

Winter wheats were cultivated in a series of pots to study the effects of irrigation methods and nitrogen application on growth, physiology and grain yield. The results showed that conventional treatment （adequate irrigation measures separated by a drought during the elongation period） affected winter wheat more strongly than split-root alternative irrigation when the normal dosage of nitrogen fertilizer was applied. After the drought period, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of the normally treated winter wheat did not bounce back to levels seen in the control group, water use efficiency of the normally treated winter wheat recovered more slowly, and the control group had higher grain yield. Different irrigation methods had similar effects on winter wheat when the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer was high. These results suggest that the split root alternative irrigation regime may provide an avenue for saving irrigation water.