派生构词音义的历时分析——以邋遢、落魄、垃圾及其同源词族为例

The Diachrony of the Pronunciation and the Meaning of the Derived Word Formation

通过对同族联绵词词形、语音及其语义演变轨迹的历史考察,说明派生构词的内在联系。从汉语史的角度对现代汉语中口语词"邋遢"、书面语"落魄"和来自方言并进入普通话的"垃圾"几个词语的意义用法及联系加以分析,并探讨了与其音同或声近义通的一系列联绵词"拉沓、拉答、辣阘、剌塌、拉杂、落拓、乐托、落托、落脱、落魄、落泊、落薄、落度、洛度、鹿独、落莫、落寞"等等之间的音义关系。考察认为,这些不同书写形式之间只有从语音上才能发现其内在联系,字异音近义通,意义上存在历史关联,音义互为表里。这是派生构词中不容忽视的一类。

On the basis of the historical research on the evolution of the morphology, the pronunciation and the semantics of the cognate disyllabic words, the paper aims to indicate the internal connection of the derivation. In the view of the history of Chi- nese language, the paper not only analyzes the usage and connection of the spoken word Lata（邋遢） , the written word Luopo（落魄） and the word Laji（垃圾） coming from the dialect, but also discusses the relation of pronunciation and meaning between these words and a series of disyllabic words which have the same or similar pronunciation and meaning, such as Lata（拉沓）, La- da（ 拉答）, Lata（辣阘）, Lata（刺塌）, Laza（拉杂）, Lnotuo（落拓）, Letuo（乐托）, Luotuo（落托）, Luotuo（落脱）, Luopo （落魄）, Luopo（落泊）, Luopo（落薄）, Luodu（落度）, Luodu（洛度）, Ludu（鹿独）, Luomo（落莫）, Luomo（莫寞） and so on. To sum up, the internal connection among these different written forms can only be discovered from the pronunciation. The derivations characterized by different forms, similar pronunciation, and similar meaning are an important category of derivation.