肌萎缩侧索硬化症患者的艾森克人格特征分析

Eysenck's personality of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

目的 研究肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）患者的艾森克人格特征,为有针对性地采取护理措施,改善患者心理健康,提高治疗效果提供参考.方法 采用问卷调查的形式,使用龚耀先修订的艾森克个性（成人）问卷（EPQ）为评定工具,对125例ALS患者的人格特征进行调查.运用SPSS 18.0统计软件对数据进行分析.结果 82例ALS男性患者精神质（P）因子得分低于常模,内外向（E）因子得分高于常模,差异有统计学意义（t=-4.537,P〉0.05;t=2.627,P〉0.05）.神经质（N）因子分和掩饰性（L）因子分与常模比较差异无统计学意义（P〈0.05）.43例女性患者各维度分与常模差异无统计学意义（P〈0.05）.男性患者50～59岁年龄段P因子分低于常模,E因子分高于常模,N因子分低于常模;30～39岁年龄段P因子分低于常模;40～49岁年龄段E因子分高于常模;60～岁年龄段E因子分高于常模,L因子分低于常模,差异均有统计学意义（P〉0.05）.女性患者50～59岁年龄段L因子分高于常模;60～岁年龄段N因子分高于常模,差异均有统计学意义（P〉0.05）.125例患者中典型内向与内向倾向者占17.6%,典型外向及外向倾向者占44%;典型情绪不稳及情绪不稳倾向占32.8%;典型精神质占6.4%.男性ALS患者典型内向与内向倾向者占15.8%,典型外向及外向倾向者占47.6%;典型情绪不稳及情绪不稳倾向占26.8%;典型精神质占6.1%.女性患者典型内向与内向倾向者占20.9%,典型外向及外向倾向者占37.2%;典型情绪不稳及情绪不稳倾向占44.2%;典型精神质占7.0%.结论 ALS患者具有自己典型的人格特征,要多关注女性患者的心理并予以干预.

Objective To test the characteristics of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS） by Eysenck＇s personality questionnaire （EPQ） and thus to provide evidence for health -care workers to pay attention to psychological health of patients. Methods A total of 125 patients （82 males） with ALS were invited to fill in the EPQ for adults. Statistical analysis was performed by the statistical software SPSS 18.0. Results The E score in males was significantly higher than the norms （ t = 2. 627, P 〈 0. 05 ）, as P score significantly lower （ t = - 4. 537, P 〈 0. 05 ）, while with no sig- nificant difference in N score and L score. However, there was no significant difference in between the females and the notms in each dimension. In males, patients aged between 50 and 59 had significantly lower P and N scores, with higher E score than the norms （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; patients aged between 30 and 39 had significantly lower P score than the norms （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; patients aged between 40 and 49 had significantly higher E score than the norms （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; and patients older than 60 years had significantly higher E score and lower L score than the norms （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. In females, patients aged between 50 and 59 had significantly higher L score than the norms （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; patients older than 60 had significantly higher N score than the norms （P 〈 0. 05）. In all 125 patients, typical and tendency introvert trend, extravert trend, neurotic symptoms and psychoticism account for 17.6%, 44%, 32. 8% and 6. 4%, respectively; account for 15.8%, 47.6%, 26.8% and 6. 1% , respectively, in male patients; and account for 20. 9% , 37.2% , 44. 2% and 7.0% , respectively, in female patients. Conclusion Some specific personalities are found in ALS patients especially in females, which should be noticed in clinical work.