不同养殖模式对中华鳖营养品质的影响

Effects of different culture modes on nutrients of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis)

【目的】研究不同养殖模式对中华鳖(Trionyz sinensis)营养品质的影响,为深入探讨提高原生态养殖鳖营养、保健功能的途径和方法提供理论依据。【方法】对原生态、池塘和温室养殖模式下中华鳖肌肉和裙边的基本营养成分及肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸组成的差异进行比较分析。【结果】与池塘养殖鳖和温室养殖鳖相比,原生态养殖鳖的肌肉蛋白质、脂肪和胶原蛋白含量最高,水分含量最低;裙边水分、蛋白和胶原蛋白含量显著高于池塘养殖鳖和温室养殖鳖(P<0.05,下同),但脂肪含量最低。从3种鳖的肌肉中能检测出16种氨基酸,且肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸总量均以原生态养殖鳖最高。从中华鳖肌肉中共检测到21种脂肪酸,包括7种饱和脂肪酸、6种单不饱和脂肪酸、8种多不饱和脂肪酸;原生态养殖鳖的单不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于池塘养殖鳖和温室养殖鳖,温室养殖鳖的不饱和脂肪酸总量最高,但除C18:2n-6外,其他多不饱和脂肪酸含量均以原生态养殖鳖最高。【结论】原生态养殖鳖的品质优于池塘养殖鳖和温室养殖鳖。

[ Objective ]The nutrients of Chinese soft-shelled turtles （Trionyx sinensis） under different culture modes was studied to provide references for improving its nutrition value and healthcare function. [Method]The nutritional com- position in muscle and calipash, and the compositions of amino acids and fatty acids in muscle were analyzed between the turtles cultured in ecology, pond and green house conditions. [ Result ] Crude protein, lipid and collagen in muscle were higher in ecology turtles compared with the turtles cultured in ponds and green houses. However, moisture content was the lowest in ecology cultured turtles. The contents of moisture, protein and collagen in calipash of ecology cultured turtles were significantly higher （P〈0.05）, while lipid content was the lowest. There were 16 kinds of amino acids de- tected in muscle of three kinds of turtles. The ecology cultured turtles had the highest content of total amino acids, essen- tial amino acids, and flavor amino acids in muscle. There were 21 fatty acids including 7 kinds of saturated fatty acids, 6 kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids and 8 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids. For monounsaturated fatty acids composition, the highest value was observed in the original ecology cultured turtles, which was significantly higher than other groups（P〈 0.05）. Total unsaturated fatty acid content was the highest in green house turtles. However, except for C18：2n-6, other unsaturated fatty acids was the highest in the original ecology cultured turtles. [ Conclusion ]The results showed that the ed- ible quality and taste of the original ecology cultured turtles were the best among three cultured modes.