黄河泥沙处理和利用配置方案研究

Study on Configuration Scheme of Sediment Treatment and Utilization of the Yellow River

根据不同时期入黄泥沙处理和利用的状况和特点,提出对黄河泥沙应采取"拦、调、排、放、挖"等多种措施综合处理和利用。通过不同方案及泥沙治理效果的比较,研究提出了2030年前采用水土保持特别是多沙粗沙区拦沙工程拦沙、骨干水库拦沙,以及调水调沙、河道排沙、放淤、挖河疏浚及泥沙利用等多种措施相结合的综合处理和利用泥沙的配置方案。分析论证了在配置方案条件下,2020年前进入黄河下游河道的年平均泥沙量为4.41亿t,下游河道年平均冲刷泥沙0.41亿t,可维持4 000 m3/s以上的中水河槽;2020—2030年进入黄河下游河道的年平均输沙量为5.32亿t,下游河道年平均淤积0.46亿t,可维持4 000 m3/s左右的中水河槽。

According to the situation and characteristics of treatment and utilization of sediment into the Yellow River during different periods, this paper proposed the Yellow River sediment should be taken in various measures as ＂trap, regulate, discharge, release and dredge＂, with compre- hensive treatment and utilization. By comparing different schemes and the treatment effect, the paper studied and proposed the configuration scheme of sediment comprehensive treatment and utilization before 2030. The configuration scheme contains various measures such as retaining sediment by soil and water conservation measures especially by sediment-retention project in more sediment and coarse sediment region and key reservoirs, water and sediment regulation, sediment discharging in the river, warping , river dredging and sediment utilization. The paper analyzed and demonstrated that the annual average sediment amount into the lower reaches of the Yellow River will be 0. 441 billion tons before 2020 under the condition of the configuration scheme, and the lower reaches will be scoured and the annual average scouring amount is 0. 041 billion tons, and the normal channel with discharge over 4 000 m3/s can be maintained. The annual average sediment amount into the lower reaches of the Yellow River will be 0. 532 billion tons between 2020 and 2030, and the annual average sedimentation amount in the lower reaches is 0. 046 billion tons, and the normal chan- nel with discharge about 4 000 m3/s can be maintained.