骨科手术患者医院感染原因分析及预防

Causes of nosocomial infections in orthopaedic surgery department patients and prevention measures

目的预防骨科手术患者医院感染发生,降低其感染率。方法调查2006年1月-2010年12月骨科手术患者1198例,对其医院感染临床资料进行统计分析。结果 1198例骨科手术患者中共发生医院感染19例,感染率为1.59%;>71岁年龄组发生医院感染率最高为8.77%;发生感染部位以呼吸道感染最多占42.11%,其次为泌尿系及胃肠道,分别占15.79%及10.53%;女性医院感染率为2.22%,男性为1.31%。结论呼吸道感染与患者年龄、原发病的轻重、医疗因素有密切关系,胃肠道感染与饮食卫生、个人卫生有密切的关系,加强感染知识学习、加强原发病的治疗及基础护理、掌握侵入性操作的适应证、严格无菌操作加强病室管理、合理使用抗菌药物是预防医院感染的关键。

OBJECTIVE To prevent orthopaedic hospital-acquired infections and reduce the incidence ot mtectlons. METHODS A total of 1198 patients with orthopaedic surgery were collected in the department, and the clinical data of the cases with hospital infections was analyzed. RESULTS Totally 19 patients with hospital infections were found among 1198 patients with orthopaedic surgery, accounting for 1.59 %. The incidence of hospital infections in group aged more than 70 years old was the highest, accounting for 8.77%. Among the cases of infections, 42.11~ were with the respiratory tract infections, followed by the urinary tract infections （15. 79~） and the gastrointestinal tract infections （10.53%）~ the incidence rate of the nosocomial infections of female patients was 2. 220//00 ,higher than 1.31~ of the male patients. CONCLUSION The rate of espiratory tract infection is closely related to the age, the severity of primary disease and medical factors~ gastrointestinal tract infection is closely related to the dietetic and personal hygiene. It is necessary to strengthen learning of infection knowledge and treatment of primary disease and basic nursing, master the indications of invasive operation, strictly aseptic operation, perform and reasonably use antibiotics so as to prevent the nosocomial infections.