医务人员锐器伤的调查分析

Sharp instrument injuries among medical staff

目的了解医院医务人员锐器伤发生情况,分析造成锐器伤的原因,制定相应的防护措施。方法通过监测上报的方式,对发生锐器伤的医务人员分布、致伤锐器种类、受伤环节等因素进行调查。结果 2008-2012年共登记上报的783名医务人员锐器伤中,护士发生锐器伤337人次,占43.04%,其次是实习医师147人次,占18.77%;造成锐器伤的主要器具是输液头皮针和注射器针头,分别占29.37%和26.70%;锐器伤发生的主要环节是手术中的切开或缝合以及各种注射后拔针时,分别占17.88%和15.07%;涉及阳性的血源性病原体血清学的锐器伤占47.77%。结论各种针头、手术中的刀具及缝针是造成锐器伤的主要锐器,医务人员在临床工作中应熟悉锐器的操作流程,严格执行操作规范,降低锐器伤的发生。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of sharp instrument injuries among medical staff and analyze the causes so as to put forward corresponding precautions. METHODS By means of the surveillance and report, the distribution of medical staff with sharp injuries, the types of the sharp instruments, and the procedures involved were investigated. RESULTS Among the reported 783 medical staff with sharp injuries from 2008 through 2012, there were 337 （43.04%） case-times of nurses and 147（18.77%） case-times of intern doctors. Of the types of sharp instruments resulting in the sharp injuries, the intravenous transfusion needles and the syringe needles were dominant, accounting for 29.37% and 26.70~ respectively~ as for the links in which the sharp injuries occurred, the intraoperative cutting or suturing and the needle withdrawing after the injections were the most frequent operation procedures, accounting for 17. 88% and 15.07~ respectively; the medical staff with serologic sharp injuries involving positive blood borne pathogens accounted for 47. 77%. CONCLUSION The needles, scalpels, and surgical stitches are the predominant sharp instruments associated with the sharp injuries~ it is necessary for the medical staff to master the operation procedures of the sharp instruments and strictly implement the operation standards so as to reduce the incidence of sharp injuries.