老子与韩非的无为政治之比较——从权力与法的角度看

A Comparative Study on Wuwei in Laozi and Han Fei

“无为”是老子思想的标志之一。《史记·老子韩非列传》讲：“李耳无为白化，清静自正。”“老子所贵道，虚无，因应变化于无为。”“无为”在《老子》一书中出现十余次，主要针对政治问题而提出。老子认为，侯王如果能够无为，就能够取天下，能够治天下，无为可以无不为，这就是他的无为政治。无为政治虽然在道家思想中尤其受到关注，但并不是道家独有的主张，而是各家各派广泛推崇的政治理念，只是不同的学派、不同的思想家对无为政治的内涵有不同的理解。

Both Laozi and Hanfei advocated that the ruler should govern the state through Wuwei,but they have different interpretations on the meaning of Wuwei.From the perspective of power and law,in Laozi's thought,there is no law that can directly restrict the ruler's power,and the enforcement of law is the embodiment of the ruler's power,which,as a kind of 'Wei',interferes with people's natural development.In Hanfei's thought,law has the highest authority,and it can restrict the abuse of the ruler's power.Hanfei asserts that the ruler governs his people by law accords with people's nature.Hanfei's Wuwei does not exclude law,on the contrary,the achievement of Wuwei relies on law.