20世纪70年代以来西方左翼学者的历史唯物主义观

Study on the Western Left-wing Scholars' View of Historical Materialism since the 1970s

纵观20世纪70年代以来西方左翼学者对待历史唯物主义迥然不同的态度和观点,可以归纳出五种历史唯物主义观。哈贝马斯在哲学反思中展开了对历史唯物主义的重建,并试图创立基于交往行为的社会进化新理论。柯亨、罗默、埃尔斯特等人将历史唯物主义看作关乎事实的科学,并尝试运用分析哲学补充历史唯物主义的微观方法基础。奥康纳、福斯特等人提出历史唯物主义的本质是生态唯物主义,全面开启了历史唯物主义的自然维度。詹姆逊、阿格里塔、哈维等人创造性地将历史唯物主义运用于对晚期资本主义社会文化现象的分析中。鲍德里亚、拉克劳、墨菲等人从后现代主义出发,全面质疑并否定了历史唯物主义的基本观点。

Since the 1970s, western left-wing scholars have had a very different attitude to historical materialism, which can be summarized as five kinds of views of historical materialisrrL Habermas recon- structed historical materialism through the philosophical reflection, he attempted to create a new theory of social evolution based on the communication. Cohen, Roemer, Elster and others thought historical materialism as the science about the truth and complemented its micro method by using the analytic phi- losophy. O＇Connor, Foster and others thought that historical materialism was essentially ecological ma- terialism, and opened the natural dimension of historical rnaterialisrrL Jameson, Egelita, Harvey and others creatively used the historical materialism to analyze the cultural phenomena of late capitalist socie- ty. Baudrillard, Laclau, Murphy and others denied and abandoned the basic principles of historical mate- rialism in the post-modernism and post-structuralism perspective.