农村低龄寄宿制小学生安全感特征及其影响因素

The security characteristics of rural young boarding pupils and its influencing factors

目的探讨低龄寄宿制小学生安全感的特征及其影响因素。方法采用自编调查表、安全感量表和青少年心理韧性量表对河南获嘉寄宿制小学华园外国语学校210名和非寄宿制的照镜中心小学265名2～5年级农村小学生进行调查分析。结果①寄宿小学生的人际安全感、确定控制感两个分因子（25．99±5．53，24．63±6．17）及安全感总分（50．62±10．37）均低于非寄宿小学生（27．36±6．38，26．00±6．55，53．36±11．77），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②不同年级寄宿与非寄宿小学生在人际安全感、确定控制感和安全感总分上差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。男、女小学生在人际安全感、确定控制感和安全感总分上的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③分组回归分析表明，未有家庭因素对寄宿生的安全感分因子及总得分有影响（P〉0．05），而父母婚姻关系、是否独生子女、父亲学历和母亲学历均对非寄宿小学生的人际安全感、确定控制感和安全感总分具有-定的影响作用（β=-0．43～0．27，P〈0．05）。④分组回归分析表明，心理韧性中的问题解决与自我效能、家长高期望分别对寄宿和非寄宿小学生的人际安全感具有-定的影响作用（β=-0．15，卢：0．25，P〈0．05），而社会能力与亲戚关怀、学校弹性分别对寄宿和非寄宿小学生的确定控制感具有-定的影响作用（β=-2．91，β=2．03，β=2．87，P〈0．05），社会能力、家长高期望分别对寄宿和非寄宿小学生的安全感总分具有-定的影响作用（β=-0．17，β=0．22，P〈0．05）。结论农村低龄寄宿小学生的安全感高于非寄宿制小学生，家庭因素与心理韧性对两类学生的安全感影响不同。

Objective To investigate the security characteristics of rural young boarding pupils and its in- fluencing factors. Methods 210 boarding and 265 non-boarding rural young pupils of Huojia in Henan were test- ed by questionnaires, including of a self-developed questionnaire, security questionnaire and adolescent mental re- silience scale. Results （1）The scores of the interpersonal security （ 25.99 ± 5.53 ）, the determine control sense factor （24.63 ± 6.17） and the total security（50.62 ± 10.37 ） in the boarding pupils were statistically lower than non-boarding pupils （27.36 ± 6.38,26.00 ± 6.55,53.36 ± 11.77, P 〈 0.05 ）. （2）There were statistically signifi- cant difference in the scores of the interpersonal security, the determine control sense factor and the total security a- mong the different grades（ P 〈 0.05 ）, but there were no statistically sex difference in the scores （P 〉 0.05 ）. （3） Group regression analysis showed that, no family factors in the young boarding pupils had influence on the score of the security sense factors and the total （P 〉 0.05 ） , and marital relationship of parents, only child, father＇ s and mother education background of non-boarding pupils had certain influence on the score of the interpersonal securi- ty, the determine control sense factor and the total security （β = -0.43-0.27, P 〈 0.05 ）. （4）The group regression analysis showed that, the problem solving and self-efficacy, parents＇ high expectations in mental toughness respec- tively had some effect on the interpersonal security of boarding and non-boarding pupils（β = -0.15,β = 0.25, P 〈 0.05 ） , and social ability and family care, schools resilience respectively had influence on the determine control sense in boarding and non-boarding pupils （β = -2.91-2.87, P 〈 0.05 ）, and social ability, parents＇ high expec- tations respectively had influence on the total security in boarding and non-boarding pupils （β = -0. 17,β = 0.22, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The security-sense in boarding young pupils are lower than the non-boarding young pupils, and family factors and mental toughness have different effects on security-sense of two kinds pupils.