海口城区地表水环境中抗生素含量特征研究

Concentration Characteristics of Antibiotics in Urban Aquatic Environment of Haikou

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法研究了海口市城区主要地表水系(海甸五西路河段、鸭尾溪河段、东湖、西湖、红城湖、金牛岭公园人工湖以及美舍河)水体中喹诺酮类(环丙沙星、氧氟沙星)、磺胺类(磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲唑、磺胺二甲基嘧啶)2类共6种抗生素药物残留量。结果表明:(1)在海口市地表水系中6种抗生素皆有检出,检出浓度在3.4～1 385.8 ng/L之间,其中,磺胺甲唑、环丙沙星和氧氟沙星在水系每个检测断面中均有检出,磺胺甲唑的检出浓度最大,且含量明显高于欧美以及香港维多利亚港和珠江广州河段的抗生素药物残留量;(2)在海口市城区的地表水系中,喹诺酮类抗生素污染程度是金牛岭公园人工湖>红城湖>东湖>西湖>龙昆沟>美舍河>海甸五西路河段>鸭尾溪;磺胺类抗生素污染程度是西湖>鸭尾溪>海甸五西路河段>金牛岭公园人工湖>东湖>龙昆沟>红城湖>美舍河;(3)影响海口市城区地表水系中抗生素残留量水平的主要原因是气候环境、居住人口密度、污水排放量和水动力条件。

A solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography（SPE--HPLC） method was developed for simultaneous determination of 6 antibiotics in water, including 4 sulfonamides （SAs） such as sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, 2 fluoroqulnolone （FQs） such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin. Results showed that 6 antibiotics were detected in Haikou surface water, with the concentration range of 3.4-1 385.8 ngq, and sulfamethoxazole had the maximum concentration. Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole were detected in each river reaches of Haikou surface water. The concentrations of antibiotics in Halkou surface water were all higher than that in America, other western developed countries, the Pearl River and Victoria Harbor. FQs concentration order in Haikou surface water was from high to low as man-made lake of Jinniuling Park, Hongcheng Lake, East Lake, West Lake, Longktm Stream, Meishe River, fiver reach of Wuxi Road of Haldian, Yawei Stream. SAs concentration order was from high to low as West Lake, Yawei Stream, fiver reach of Wuxi Road of Haidian, man-made lake of Jinniuling Park, East Lake, Longkun Stream, Hongcheng Lake, Meishe River. Climate environment, population density, urban sewage and breeding wastewater and hydrodynamic condition become the important factors of antibiotic pollution of Haikou surface water.