基于PBPK模型铜锌联合毒性健康风险评价

Human Health Risk Assessment for Joint Toxicity of Cu and Zn Based on PBPK Modeling

针对多种重金属同时存在于环境介质中、相互影响产生联合毒性作用的现状,以药代动力学(PBPK)模型为基础,通过内效应综合危害指数法计算2种重金属的危害指数,研究铜、锌联合暴露情境下的人体健康风险。将此方法应用于华东某铅锌矿区周边村民健康风险评价实例,计算通过饮用水暴露下的人体健康风险。结果表明,虽然村民实际暴露剂量均低于铜、锌经口摄入的安全剂量,但铜、锌联合作用对周边居民各器官组织造成的危害指数偏高,危害指数随时间变化而变化,呈现先上升、到达峰值后缓慢下降的趋势,在整个暴露时段内危害指数最高值达1.08,最小值0.60,平均值为0.75。实例证明,在健康风险评价中对联合毒性效应定量化表征,能为风险管理和决策提供更准确、全面的支持。

Based on the situation in which different kinds of heavy metals interact with each other and cause joint toxicity, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic （PBPK） model was buil to analyze the accumulation and distribution of Cu and Zn in human organs and tissues, the model results were then used to calculate hazard index（HI） and to evaluate health risks caused by joint toxicity of Cu and Zn. This method was applied for the assessment of health risk of residents in drinking water exposure, who live around a metal mine in eastern China. Results showed the hazard indexes are generally high and during the whole exposure period, HI value grows to the top and then decreases slowly, with the highest value of HI as 1.08, while the lowest as 0.60 and average value 0.75. Case study indicated that quantitative characterization of joint toxicity effects in health risk assessment would support risk management and decisions better.