出口企业具有学习效应吗?——基于中国企业微观数据的经验分析

Whether the Export Enterprises Have Learning-by-exporting Effect: An Empirical Analysis based on China's Microfirms Data

本文从企业出口与生产率关系出发,对中国企业的出口学习效应进行了考察。使用倍差分方法对企业出口学习效应进行实证分析后发现,即使加入研发、劳动生产率、资本密集度等控制变量,也没有证据表明中国企业的出口行为具有提高生产率的作用。进一步使用出口量代替出口行为后,出口学习效应也仅在一般贸易企业显著,而在加工贸易企业并不显著。上述结论在改变企业的行业、所有制和地区等特征后仍较为稳健,这说明仍需谨慎对待出口学习效应的本土适用性。

From the relationship between exporters and productivity,this paper examines whether China's exporters have learning-byexporting effect. Using DID method,the paper finds that there is no evidence that the firms' exporting will improve its productivity even if controlling variables such as RD,labor productivity,capital intensity are added. Using export volume instead of exporting,it also finds that the learning-by-exporting effect only exists in China's general trading companies,but processing trade firms are not significant. Those conclusions show that we should be cautious about local applicability of learning-by-exporting effect.