节能减排、全要素能源生产率及行业异质性研究——基于中国制造业28个行业的实证分析

Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction,Total Factor Energy Productivity and Industrial Heterogeneity: An Empirical Analysis Based on China's 28 Manufacturing Industries

在能源消耗与污染排放的基础上,引入"技术不会遗忘"假定,运用序列DEA方法测算并分解中国制造业28个行业基于节能减排约束下的全要素能源生产率,分析了制造业节能减排的特征。结果表明:中国制造业的能耗、排放存在"双高代价"、"不对称性",能耗结构影响行业污染排放量,在减排政策中应重点关注;制造业全要素能源效率呈上升趋势,其主导因素为技术进步,技术效率的贡献较小,而且制造业仍处于粗放型发展模式;行业效率的异质程度虽有所缩小,但异质性将长期存在,可能的内在机制在于资本和劳动配置情况、经济改革的影响和行业本身的性质。

On the basis of energy consumption and pollution emissions, this paper introduces the assumption of ＂technology does not forget＂ and applies the method of DEA sequence to estimate and decompose the total factor energy productivity of China＇s 28 manufacturing industries under the constraint of energy saving and emission reduction, so as to analyze the characteristics of energy sav- ing and emission reduction of the manufacturing industries. The results indicates that there exist ＂double high costs＂ and ＂asymmetry＂ in the energy consumption and emission in China＇s manu- facturing industries, the energy consumption structure is affecting the industrial pollution emissions, which should be highlighted in the emission reduction policies. The manufacturing total factor energy efficiency is showing a rising trend, the dominant factor is technological progress; the contribution of technical efficiency is rather smaller, and the manufacturing industrial are still in the mode of exten- sive development. Despite the degree of heterogeneity in industrial efficiency is narrowed to some ex- tent, the heterogeneity will exist for a long time, the possible internal mechanism lies in the configu- ration of capital and labor, the impact of economic reform, and the nature of the industry itself.