参与产品内国际分工模式对技术进步效应的影响——基于中国4个制造业行业的微观检验

Effect of the Mode of Participation in International Intra-product Specialization on Technological Progress——Based on Microscopic Examination of China's Four Manufacturing Industries

本文提出了中国制造业参与产品内国际分工的两种模式:被动吸纳型和主动参与型。两种模式的本质区别在于参与国际分工的主导权是掌握在跨国公司手中还是本土企业手中,反映在代表性行业层面,就是参与国际分工的一些特征变量表现出显著的行业差异。分工模式影响到技术进步效应,对4个行业进行的微观层面实证分析结果显示,无论是进口还是"干中学"对企业技术进步的贡献力度,主动参与型模式都优于被动吸纳型模式;在被动吸纳型模式下,进口技术溢出效应小于"干中学"效应;而在主动参与型模式下,进口技术溢出效应是"干中学"效应的2倍以上。这意味着,为促进主动参与型模式下外源技术进步的内部化,企业要高度重视自主创新能力培育。

This paper divides the modes of China＇s mantffacturing industry participating in international intra-product specialization into passive absorption and active participation. The essential difference between the two modes is that the initiative to participate in international division of labor is in the hands of local enterprises or in the hands of multinational corporations, in term of typical industries, that is to say, some characteristic variables involved in international division of labor show striking differences in industries. The mode of labor division affects the technological progress effect. The micro-level empirical results of four industries show that whether importing or ＂learning by doing＂, in term of its contribution to enterprises＇ technological progress, active participation mode is superior to passive absorption mode. In passive absorption mode, imported technology spillover effect is less than ＂learning by doing＂ effect, while in active participation mode, imported technology spillover effect is more than twice ＂learning by doing＂ effect. This means that in the mode of active participation in order to speed up technological progress, Chinese enterprises should attach great importance to the cultivation of independent innovation ability to promote internalizing exogenous technological progress in this mode.