风力发电机塔筒受力性能的试验

Experimental Study of Wind Turbine Tower by Force Performance

目的研究了风力发电机锥台型塔筒的破坏机制和特征、应力变化及分布规律、滞回性能、承载力及变形和耗能能力,为风电塔筒的设计研发提供理论和试验依据.方法通过对白云鄂博某1.5MW风力发电机锥台型塔筒原型和试验条件的综合考虑,将塔筒模型按比例缩放并对其进行拟静力试验.结果塔筒的极限承载力为其设计荷载的3.61倍,有较大的承载力富裕度,其安全性较好,说明该塔筒还有一定的优化空间;塔筒结构的P-Δ滞回曲线呈不饱满的反"S形",总体强度与刚度退化较快,表明其塑性变形和耗能能力较差.结论锥台型塔筒属极值点失稳破坏,破坏带有突然性,其最大应力主要分布在受压侧变壁厚处和塔筒底部,设计时应慎重考虑.

This paper researches the failure mechanism and characteristics, stress changes and distribution law, hysteresis performance, bearing and deformation capacity, energy dissipation capacity of the Cone-type wind turbine tower, and provide theoretical and experimental basis for the wind tower design and develop- ment. To combine the prototype of 1.5MW cone-type wind turbine in Bayan Obo and the experimental con- ditions, we scale the model and do the pseudo static test. The test results shown that the extreme point of in- stability and failure in this cone-type tower, which weak parts are bottom and variable cross sections, should be carefully considered. The ultimate bearing capacity of the tower is 3.61 times which suffered maximum wind load,larger carrying capacity wealthy, and there is still some optimization space. The P-A hysteretic curve of tower shown as a approach anti-＂ S＂, the overall strength and stiffness degenerated soon, this result shown the tower＇s plastic deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity is poor. This cone-type tower＇ s failure was caused by extreme point buckling, and it was a sudden failure. So the maximum stress mainly distributed in the compression-side and the bottom side of the tower,designing a tower like this one should take the result into account carefully. The test conclusions could show stress condition to the prototype tower and also provide more references for its designing.