美国公共研发项目外资公司参与政策研究

Study on foreign participation policy of public funded R&D project in United States

在跨国公司研发国际化和科技资源国际流动日益频繁的发展背景下,外资公司参与公共研发计划是成为挑战科技政策制定者的重要议题。自20世纪80年代开始,美国联邦政策就试图采取一系列的政策和制度措施应对外资公司参与的政策挑战,并且通过20余年的政策实践逐步确立了带有鲜明美国特色的外资公司参与公共研发制度。通过回溯20世纪80年代美国所面临的研发国际化和贸易保护主义的重要背景,分析公共研发项目外资公司参与的制度背景,并全面整理美国联邦机构对于外资公司参与的差异化政策立场,评述以美国外资公司参与公共研发制度为重点的政策研究路径,系统研究美国公共研发项目外资参与政策的基本特点,以期为我国制定相关政策提供借鉴参考。

Along with R＆D globalization of multi - national enterprise and the worldwide flow of technology resource, foreign participation in publicly funded R＆D project has become an important issue in the modern science and technology policy. As the biggest economy power and the dominated leader of technological innovation in the world, United States has taken series of policies and institutional measures in response to the issues since the early 1980s. The historical background of 1980s were observed in order to find the motivations of U.S. foreign participation policy. And then we systematically analyzed the specific foreign participation policies of publicly funded R＆D Projects by DOD, DOC DOE, NIH, NSF and NASA. To better understand the difference and development of foreign participation policy in US, several important literatures on the policy were reviewed. Based on the above analysis, the main experiences and the key characteristic of U. S. policy practices have been concluded, and provided references to China＇ s related policies.