心病、脑病、心脑合病患者的主要危险因素性别差异

Gender Differences of Major Risk Factors in Patients with Heart Disease,Encephalopathy and Heart and Brain Together Disease

目的:分析冠心病心绞痛(心病)、动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死(脑病)、冠心病心绞痛合并动脉粥样硬化性血栓性脑梗死(心脑合病)患者在主要危险因素方面的性别差异。方法:运用临床流行病学横断面调查方法,纳入2009年5月—2010年7月11家三甲医院符合纳入标准的患者2947例,其中心病组1002例、脑病组963例、心脑合病组982例,一次性收集患者各类临床资料。根据患者性别进行分组,应用R*C表的卡方检验分析心病、脑病、心脑合病患者的性别差异。结果:①3组男性合并危险因素情况均为高血压病>吸烟>腹型肥胖>糖尿病>血脂异常>肥胖,3组女性合并危险因素情况均为高血压病>腹型肥胖>糖尿病>血脂异常>肥胖>吸烟。②卡方检验结果:心病组:吸烟率男性>女性(P<0.001);脑病组:吸烟率男性>女性(P<0.001),糖尿病率、腹型肥胖、肥胖(BMI≥28)女性>男性(P分别为0.019、0.018、0.009);心脑合病组:吸烟率男性>女性(P<0.001),肥胖率女性>男性(P=0.008)。结论:①高血压是心脑血管疾病的最重要危险因素,无性别差异。②吸烟对男性患三病的影响均很大;除吸烟外其他危险因素对心病没有性别差异,糖尿病、腹型肥胖和肥胖对女性脑病的影响较大,肥胖对女性心脑合病影响较大。

Objective：This study was aimed to analyze major risk factors for the gender differences among coronary heart disease angina pectoris （ heard disease）, atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction （ encephalopathy）, coronary heart disease and angina l^ectoris with atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction （heart and brain together disease） pa- tients. Methods：Using the clinical epidemiological cross -sectional survey method,2947 cases were collected from i 1 hos~ pitals from 2009 May to 2010 July,including heart disease group 1002 cases,963 cases of encephalopathy group, heart and brain together disease 982 cases, disposable collection in patients with various clinical data. They were grouped according to the patients＇gender. R x C table chi - square analysis was for the gender differences. Results ： （ 1 ） The three groups of men with risk factors from high to low ： hypertension, smoking, abdominal obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity; three groups of females with risk factors from high to 10w ： hypertension, abdominal obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, smok- ing. （2） The chi - square test results ： in the heart disease group, male smoking rate was obviously higher than female smoking rate （P 〈 0.001 ） ;encephalopathy group：male smoking rate was obviously higher than female smoking rate （P 〈 0. 001 ）, the female rates of diabetes, abdominal obesity, obesity （ BMI ≥ 28 ） were higher than that of males （ P = 0. 01 9, 0. 018,0.009） ;in heart and brain together disease group：male smoking rate was obviously higher than female smoking rate （ P 〈 0.001 ） , the female rates of obesity was higher than that of male （ P = 0. 008 ） . Conclusion ~ （ 1 ） Hypertension is the most important cardiovascular disease risk factor without gender differences. （2） Smoking on male patients are affect- ed very much in the three diseases;besides smoking, other risk factors do not differ by gender for heart disease. Diabetes, abdominal obesity and obesity in female encephalopathy influences deeply on women. Obesity has a greater impact on female heart and brain together disease.