生态脆弱性评价在矿区规划环评中的应用研究——以阜新矿区为例

Application of ecological vulnerability evaluation in plan environmental impact assessment of mining areas:a case study of Fuxin mining area

以辽宁阜新矿区总体规划环评为例,基于生态环境指数,生态敏感性和景观空间结构等指标构建矿区开发生态脆弱性评价指标体系,运用层次分析和综合指数法评价和划分区域生态脆弱性等级,利用GIS技术并结合法规要求将规划矿区划分为适宜、优化、适度、限制和禁止开采等5类地区.评价结果表明,阜新矿区生态脆弱性整体较高,脆弱度属于4级和5级的区块分别约占规划总面积的51.38%和39.36%,且已建和规划新建煤矿全部处在脆弱性较高的区域范围内,矿区开发与生态保护之间的矛盾突出.

Taking environmental impact assessment （EIA） of the Master Plan of Fuxin Mining Area （FMA） as a case study, we established an indicator system involving the index on eco-environmental status, ecological sensitivity and landscape spatial structure for evaluating EV. A combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） and Comprehensive/ndex is employed to evaluate and grade the regional EVs, based on which the planned mining area is zoned into five kinds of units characterized by exploiting intensities of encouragement, optimizing, moderation, restriction and prohibition by GIS. The results indicate that the overall EV of FMA is relatively high with 51.38% units of degree IV and 39.36% units of degree V respectively in the total planned area. Because all of the existing and planned coal mines are located in the units with high EVs, it is concluded that the planned exploitation is in much contradiction with ecological conservation at this area.