基于结构方程模型的管制员情境意识影响因素研究

Study on Factors Influencing Air Traffic Controller's Situation Awareness Based on Structural Equation Model

为提高管制员(ATC)在复杂、动态工作环境中的情境意识(SA),预防人为差错的发生,从管制员内部心理与外部环境2方面,分析影响管制员情境意识形成与保持的因素。在情境意识"三层次"模型研究的基础上,对其与情境意识的关系进行假设。采用问卷调查获取数据。运用结构方程模型(SEM),探讨各因素对情境意识的影响。结果表明:管制员内部心理对情境意识有直接显著的影响,影响程度由大到小依次为记忆(0.386)、注意力(0.358)和经验(0.144);外部环境对内部心理先有直接且显著的影响,进而间接地影响情境意识,外部环境对情境意识的综合影响程度大小依次为系统特性(0.245)、工作负荷(0.208)和班组管理(0.148)。

In order to improve ATC’s SA and prevent the occurrence of human error in a complex,dynamic work environment,factors influencing formation and retention of ATC’s SA were analyzed from two aspects：the ATC internal psychology and the external environment.Hypotheses were put forward about SA and its influencing factors based on theoretical research.Data were collected by means of questionnaire.Influences of various factors on the ATC’s SA were studied by using SEM.The empirical results show that internal psychology factors have a significant direct effect on ATC’s SA,the degree of influence in descending order is memory（0.386）,attention（0.358） and experience（0.144）;external environment factors have a significant direct effect on internal psychology factors,and have a indirect effect on ATC’s SA through the internal factors,the external environment factors comprehensive effect degree on SA in descending order is machine properties（0.245）,workload（0.208） and team management（0.148）.