广东五华县手足口病病原学监测研究

Researchs of etiological surveillance of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wuhua County

目的了解五华县手足口病病原学特征及变化规律,为科学制定防控策略提供可靠依据。方法采集2010-2012年五华县哨点监测医院诊治的普通手足口病病例的粪便标本,使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测总肠道病毒(EV)、EV 71和CoxA16核酸。结果共采集152例病例粪便标本,EV阳性115例,阳性率75.66%,不同年份EV阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);EV71、CoxA16和其他肠道病毒阳性率分别为23.03%、18.42%和34.21%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2010年流行优势株为EV71,2011～2012年流行优势株为其他肠道病毒,不同性别、不同年龄EV71、CoxA16和其他肠道病毒阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EV71、CoxA16和其他肠道病毒三种型别的肠道病毒全年交替变更流行。结论五华县手足口病流行优势株发生动态改变。加强手足口病病原学监测研究,掌握毒株变化规律,有助于更好地采取预防和控制措施。

Objective To investigate the etiological characteristics and variation of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD）in Wuhua county. Methods The stool samples of HFMD cases in sentinel surveillance hospitals were collected in Wuhua county from 2010 to 2012. The total EV, EV71 and CoxA16 nucleic acid were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The 125 stool samples were collected, 115 cases were positive for EV with the positive rate of 75.66%. The difference of EV positive rates between different year were not statistically significant（P〉0.05）. The positive rates of EV71, CoxA16 and other enterovirus were 23.03%, 18.42% and 34.21%, respectively, showing statistically significant difference（P〈0.01）. The epidemic strain was EV71 in 2010, and other enterovirus was epidemic in 2011 and 2012, there were not statistically significant difference between different gender and different age （P〉 0.05）. EV71, CoxA16 and other enteroviruses altemately change throughout the year. Conclusion The epidemic strain of HFMD had dynamically changed in Wuhua county. The etiological surveillance of HFMD be strengthened, for grasping the prevalent rule of strain and making control and preventive measures.