黑格尔《精神现象学》中的实践理性问题

Hegel's Interpretation of Practical Reason in Phenomenology of Spirit

黑格尔《精神现象学》中对实践理性的阐释,是要解决古典的群体性伦理规范与现代的个体性原则之间的冲突与融合问题。黑格尔认为,实践理性的发展有三个阶段:快乐与必然性、本心的规律与自大狂、德行与世界进程,而各阶段发展的内在动力与机制在于个体性与普遍性之间的矛盾。这种矛盾冲突的结果是产生出真正的个体性,即在自身中自觉到了普遍性环节的个体性,这是黑格尔解决古典与现代的冲突与融合问题的立足点。如果黑格尔的论证是正确的,那么他对于当代中国思想的启示在于:既然只有建立真正的个体性原则、而不是简单地回到古代的伦理规范,才是解决现代人安身立命问题的起点,由是,当前最重要和急迫的任务就是透彻地反思与拷问传统伦理。

Hegel's interpretation of practical reason in Phenomenology of Spirit aims to solve the problem of the conflict and harmony between the ancient ethical principle of community and the modern principle of individuality. Hegel argues that the development of practical reason has three stages,namely'pleasure and necessity','the law of heart and the frenzy of self-conceit'and'virtue and the way of the world',and the contradiction of individuality and universality constitutes the internal dynamic and mechanism of this development. The result of this contradiction is the generation of the real individuality,which consciously recognizes universality in itself. The real individuality,or in Hegel's own term,'the individuality which takes itself to be real in and for itself',builds up a solid foundation to solve the problem of the conflict and harmony of ancient and modern principles. If Hegel's arguments are right,it is the real individuality,rather than the ancient ethical principle alone,that is the key to modern man to live a worthy life. Thus,it is extremely important and urgent for contemporary Chinese philosophers to reflect and examine our ethical tradition thoroughly.