系词的语法化过程与趋势

Grammaticalization of Copula - Process and Tendency

本文以汉语"是"为例,通过跨语言对比,详细考察了系词的语法化路径。研究发现,相应语法化过程由形容词性用法开始,经过动词、代词等用法过渡到语义为空但功能却更为专有的系词。之后,系词再进一步语法化为一个焦点标记,从而替代了语序焦点的表达法。根据相关历史与方言的语料,本文提出系词有进一步语法化为主题标记的趋势。相应的一系列语法化过程遵循了语法化诸原则。并且当代类型学研究表明,系词的各语法化阶段和趋势具有跨语言的普遍特征。

This paper takes a close look at the grammaticalization of copula across langua- ges,with a focus on ＂shg＂ in Chinese. The grammaticalization cline of as starting from the adjectival, through verbal and pronominal uses, to which finally developed itself into a focus marker. Based on historical dence,it is pointed out that ＂shi＂ has a tendency to grammaticalize marker. All the stages involved follow the principles of Hopper（1991,1996）. Related typological studies also prove copula is depicted the copular use, and dialectal evi- itself into a topic grammaticalization put forward by the cline a universal path