清水江流域林区时空分布及树种结构变迁研究

On Forest Distributions and Tree Species Changes in the Qingshuijiang River Valley

通过查阅相关文献和实地调查,清代以前的清水江流域其原生森林植被属典型的亚热带阔叶林生态系统,树种主要以木樨科、山茶科、樟科、金缕梅科居多。清代后,林木贸易规模扩大,无序采伐,加大了人工林种植规模,并激发了相关本土生态知识的更新与演替,导致了对原生常绿阔叶林的严重破坏,现仅以残存状态呈斑驳状散点分布,有的区域甚至蜕变为荒坡草丛。对这一变化过程的疏理,可以探知历史时期清水江流域的林区分布、树种结构演替的概况,从而可以对引发上述变化的成因进行分析,以复原这种历史变迁的过程。

Literature reviews and surveys of the present study led to the conclusion that the Qingshuijiang River Valley used to have subtropical broad-leaved forest ecosystems before the Qing Dynasty. With the rapid expansion of timber trade and forest cutting, manmade forests were planted, and the local ecological knowledge was renewed or replaced, causing serious damage to the native evergreen broad-leaved forests, which are now distributed in scatters in the area. Some places have even turned into grasslands. Analysis of the change process can provide the information on forest distribution and tree species changes in history in the area as well as the reasons and process of the changes.