1Long, M. H. Focus on Form: A Design Feature in Language Teaching Methodology. In K. de Bot, R. Ginsberg, and C. Kramsch (Eds.)[M]. Foreign Language kesearch in Cross-Cultural Perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamin, 1991.
2EUis, R., Basturkmen, H. and Loewen, S. Doing Focus-on-Form[J]. System, 2002.
3Gass, S. (ed.). 2000. Changing Views of Language Learning [C]. BAAL in association with Multilingual Matters LTD.
4Gass, S. & L. Selinker. 1992. Introduction [A]. In S. Gass & L. Selinker Ed. , Language Transfer and Language Learning [C]. Arrnsterdam: John Ben- jamins Publishing Company.
5Bates, E., J. Elman, M. Johnson, A. Karrniloff- Smith, D. Parisi & K. Plunkett. 1998. Innateness and emergentism [A]. In B. G. G. Williams (ed.). A Companion to Cognitive Science [C]. Oxford : Basil Blackwell.
6Bob, R., J. Hays & S. Jannedy. 2003. Probablistic Linguistics [M]. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
7Buckingham, T. & D. Eskey, 1969. Towards a definition of applied linguistics [A]. In R. Kaplan (ed.). 1980.
8Campbell, R. 1969. Towards a definition of applied linguistics [A]. In R. Kaplan (ed.). 1980.
9Doughty, C. 2001. Cognitive underpinnings of focus on form [A]. In P. Robinson (ed.). 2001.
10Doughty, C. & M. Long (eds.). 2003. The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition [ C]. Malden, MA: Blaekwell.
2Long M. The role of linguistic environment in second language acquisition[M].In W. C. Ritchie & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.),Handbook of second language acquisition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press,1996:413-468.
3Stryker S B. The Mexico experiment at the Foreign Service Institute[M].In S. B. Stryker, & B. L. Leaver (Eds.), Content-based instruc- tion in foreign language education: Models and methods Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press,1997:177-202 .
4Storch N. Comparing ESL learners' attention to grammar on three different classroom tasks [ J ].RELC Journal,2001,32(2): 104-124.
5Leeser M. Learner proficiency and focus on form during collaborative dialogue[J].Language Teaching Research, 2004, 8(1): 55-81.
6Williams J. Learner-generated attention to form[J].Language Learning,1999,49(4):583-625.
7Garcia Mayo M P. The effectiveness of two form-focused tasks in advanced EFL pedagogy[J]. International Journal of Applied Linguis- tics, 2002, 12(2): 156-175.
8Sotillo S. Constructivist and collaborative learning in a wireless environment[J].TESOL Journal, 2002, 11(3): 16-20.
9Ortega L. Meaningful L2 practice in foreign language classrooms: A cognitive-interactionist SLA perspective [ M ].In R.DeKeyser (Ed.), Practice in a second language: Perspectives from applied linguistics and cognitive psychology. New York: Cambridge Uni- versity Press, 2007:180-207.
10Vygotsky L S. Mind in society[M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,1978.