医护人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露的原因分析及防护措施

Analysis on the Causes of HIV/AIDS Occupational Exposure and Protection Measures for Medical Staff

目的探讨医护人员面临艾滋病职业暴露的高危因素,强调职业暴露重在预防;探讨医护人员对艾滋病自身防护措施,提高对艾滋病病毒(HIV)职业暴露的防护意识,防止医护人员感染HIV的危险,确保医护人员职业安全。方法对2008年、2009年和2011年所发生的15人次HIV职业暴露的原因和过程进行调查分析;采取问卷方式对150名医护人员进行有关职业暴露防护知识的调查。结果医护人员防护意识不强、工作经验不足、缺乏严格的防护教育培训和必要的防护设施等。结论加强医务人员艾滋病安全操作和职业防护知识培训,避免医护人员因锐器伤和自身皮肤破损等原因被HIV感染;准确及时的评估和有效合理用药是避免职业暴露发生HIV感染的重要措施。遵照标准预防原则,采取严格的防护措施,以减少甚至杜绝医护人员感染HIV。

OBJECTIVES Discuss medical personnel face high risk factors of HIV/AIDS occupational exposure and emphasis on occupational exposure on prevention; explore nurses on HIV/AIDS itself protection measures, improve the medical staff of HIV occupational exposure protection consciousness, the risk of HIV infection, to ensure that medical staff occupational safety. METHODS To investigate the cause of 15 HIV/AIDS occupational exposure and process analysis in 2008, 2009 and 2011; take the questionnaire survey of 150 medical staff in the occupational exposure protection knowledge of investigation. RESULTS Protection consciousness is not strong, work experience is insufficient, rigorous safety education training is lack, necessary protection facilities is lack, etc. CONCLUSIONS Strengthen medical personnel safety operation and AIDS knowledge training of occupational protection, avoid medical staff by reason of sharp injury and their own skin damaged by HIV infection; accurate and timely evaluation and effective rational drug use is one of the important measures to avoid occupational exposure to HIV infection. Comply with the standard prevention principle and strict protective measures are needed to reduce or even eliminate the status quo of medical staff infected with HIV.