高速铁路生命周期碳排放计算方法

Calculation Method for Carbon Dioxide Emission in the Life Cycle of High-Speed Railway

基于生命周期评价理论,对高速铁路生命周期二氧化碳排放计算的边界进行界定,将高速铁路的生命周期划分为基础设施建造、运营和回收3个阶段;根据对各阶段高速铁路二氧化碳排放清单的分析,分别给出各个阶段二氧化碳排放的计算式;通过算例分析了高速铁路在建造和运营阶段碳排放的特点。分析和数值计算结果表明,虽然在高速铁路基础设施建设过程中由于大量建设材料和高能耗施工机械的使用,使得高速铁路建造阶段的二氧化碳排放量相对较多;但是,由于高速铁路具有节约能源、节省土地和货运增量替代效应等特点,使得高速铁路进入运营阶段后二氧化碳的排放量大幅度减少,即从生命周期全过程来看,高速铁路具有较好的减排效果。

Based on the theory of life cycle assessment, the system boundary is defined for calculating car- bon dioxide emission in the life cycle of high-speed railway, which is divided into three phases, namely, in- frastructure construction, operation and recovery. Formulas are presented respectively for carbon dioxide emission in each phase after analyzing the detailed lists of carbon dioxide emission for each stage of high- speed railway. Carbon emission characteristics in construction and operation phases are analyzed through examples. Analysis and numerical calculation results show that carbon dioxide emission is relatively higher in construction phase due to the use of lots of construction materials and high energy consumption con- struction machinery. However, it is reduced considerably after entering operation phase owing to the ad- vantages of high-speed railway, such as saving energy and land as well as freight increment substitution effect, etc. So from the whole life cycle perspective, the effect of carbon dioxide emission reduction of high-speed railway is very good.