发达地区城乡聚落形态的信息提取与分形研究——以无锡市为例

On Extraction and Fractal of Urban and Rural Residential Spatial Pattern in Developed Area

利用 1 970年地形图、 1 984、 1 991、 1 998年的遥感影像 ,通过对无锡市地区遥感影像的光谱特征分析 ,采用仿归一化植被指数法提取无锡市城乡聚落空间信息。在此基础上 ,根据分形理论计算无锡地区城乡聚落空间形态的分数维 ,从分数维的变化 ,分析无锡城乡聚落空间形态的特征。结果表明 ,无锡地区城乡聚落空间形态具有分形现象 ,并且城区和集镇的分数维变化不一致 ,反映了城乡聚落空间形态在不同的阶段 ,其复杂程度。

Changjiang River Delta is a developed and rich area in China, which has become one of the most crowded urban and rural residential areas. From the late 1970s, urbanization process in Changjiang River Delta has been quickened greatly, which resulted in number increasing and spatial expansion of urban and rural settlements. In the 1990s urbanization level in Changjiang River Delta has been about 50%, and many cities such as Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou have become large cities with a population of more than one million, many small cities have also become medium sized cities with a population of 100 thousand to 200 thousand. At the same time, the most typical economic development character in Changjiang River Delta is prosperous rural industrial enterprises. So spatial pattern of urban and rural residential areas has changed greatly, which was reflected mainly in spatial diffusion. Along with the above mentioned spatial changes, the problem of how can we realize sustainable development of urban and rural residential areas in scale, form, pattern and function in a certain spatial and temporal range should be paid attention to. In light with above mentioned problem, we need to analyze urban and rural residential spatial pattern and find inner basic law of spatial pattern change. But the basics to study spatial pattern change lie in how to extract information of urban and rural residential areas rapidly and exactly. The paper explores how to exact residential information from topographic map and remote sensing images at first, then it studies the spatial pattern and change characters of urban and rural residential areas in Changjiang River Delta according to fractal theory.