5种丛生竹材物理力学性质的比较

Comparison of Physical-Mechanical Properties of Five Sympodial Bamboo Species

采用多重比较方法研究了5种丛生竹材的物理力学性质及其基本密度与力学性质相关性。结果表明：5种丛生竹材3种密度变化幅度为：基本密度0．366—0．574g/cm2、气干密度0．490～0．689g／cm3、绝干密度0．464～0．655g／cm3。5个竹种中，3种密度皆以硬头黄竹最大，车筒竹最小。5种丛生竹材干缩率差别较大，从大到小依次为车筒竹、龙竹、硬头黄竹、撑绿杂交竹、梁山慈竹，撑绿杂交竹和梁山慈竹二者干缩率比较接近。方差分析结果表明，密度和干缩性均因竹种不同而存在极显著差异。梁山慈竹各力学性能良好，硬头黄竹与之相当，龙竹、撑绿杂交竹和车筒竹力学性能较差。基本密度与顺纹抗压强度、抗拉强度和抗剪强度有显著的相关性。综合分析可知．梁山慈竹和硬头黄竹的密度小．干缩率小．强度、硬度与毛竹相当，韧性大于毛竹，可以作为建筑用材。

An experiment was conducted to study the physical-mechanical properties by multiple comparative method and dis cussed the correlations between basic density and mechanical properties for five sympodial bamboo species, Dendrocalamus farinosus, Bambusa rigida, B. Pervariadilis Grandis Nin, D. giganteus and B. sinospinosa. The basic density ranges from O. 366 to 0.574 g/cm3, air-dried density is 0. 490-0. 689 g/cm3 and the oven-dried density is 0. 464-0. 655 g/cm3 for five species. The maximum of three kinds of density is in B. rigida, and the minimum is in B. sinospinosa among five species. The shrinkage rate order of five sympodial bamboo is B. sinospinosa〉D, giganteus〉B, rigida〉B. Pervariadilis Grandis〉D. farinosus. There is significant difference between density, shrinkage rate and bamboo species. Six kinds of mechanical properties in D. farinosus are the best followed by B. rigida, but those in B. sinospinosa, D. Giganteus and B. PervariadilisGrandis Nin are worse. There are good correlations between basic density and tension strength, compres sion strength and sheer strength. D. farinosus and B. rigicla can be used as building materials due to their small density and shrinkage, big strength, hardness and toughness through comprehensive analysis.