松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落典范对应分析及多样性分析

Structure of Phytoplankton Community Based on Canonical Correspondence Analysis and Biodiversity Analysis in Harbin Section of Songhua River

于2011年丰水期(6月份),平水期(8月份)和枯水期(10月份)对松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物进行调查,共监测到浮游植物7门125种及变种;其中硅藻55种,绿藻51种,蓝藻11种,其他8种。不同水文期浮游植物丰度(以液体中生物个体数量计)变化明显,枯水期(6 951.6×104个/L)>平水期(3 556.8×104个/L)>丰水期(2 059.2×104个/L)。运用典范对应分析(CCA)及生物多样性指数对浮游植物组成、分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析和水质评价。结果表明,枯水期shannon-weaver指数、Pielou指数和Margalef指数比丰水期和平水期低,水质相对较差,其中2#右、4#右、6#中处于重污染。典范对应分析显示,水温和浊度是影响浮游植物分布格局的重要环境因子,化学需氧量和总磷也和浮游植物分布有显著的相关性。

An investigation on phytoplankton was conducted in the Harbin section of Songhua River during June （ wet season）, August （normal season） and October （dry season） in 2011 by setting up seven systematically placed sample stations. We identified a total of 125 species, of which 55 were Bacillariophyta, 51 were Chlorophyta, 11 were Cyanophyta and 8 were other species. The phytoplankton abundance changes significantly in different hydrological period, and the order is the dry season （6 951.6xl0^4ind./L） 〉normal season （3 556.8xl0^4ind./L） 〉wet season （2059.2x104 ind./L）. We applied ca- nonical correspondence analysis （CCA） to explore the relationship between phytoplankton composition, distribution and environmental factors, and used biodiversity index to evaluate water quality. Shannon-weaver index, Pielou index and Mar galef index in dry season are lower than those of wet season and normal season, so the water quality is relatively poor, and 2# right, 4# right and 6# middle are polluted in serious levels in dry season. By CCA, the water temperature and distribu tion are the main factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton community. The biochemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus are also significantly positively correlated with the phytoplankton species distribution.