发酵床养猪垫料基础参数变化规律研究

Study on the basic parameters of litters in fermenting-bed system of pig production

发酵床养猪模式是基于减少养殖过程中污染物排放而发展起来的一种新的养殖技术,试验旨在探讨发酵床养猪模式下垫料升温及垫料降解规律、微生物增殖规律等基础参数。试验设定不同的猪粪添加量,模拟发酵床的垫料发酵过程,测定了发酵不同时期垫料的温度、水分、pH值、氮素及大肠菌群最可能数(MPN)等指标。结果表明,垫料中原有的土著微生物能启动发酵床垫料温度升高,而猪粪的添加可使垫料快速升温到50℃以上,且随猪粪量的增加,发酵温度也随之升高,并延长维持高温的时间;垫料的初始水分65%能满足发酵、升温的需要,但随发酵的进行,水分含量逐渐降低;垫料中氮素的损失主要集中在发酵的前期;垫料发酵产生的高温能达到抑制大肠菌群等有害微生物的目的。结果提示,生产中随猪粪尿的持续加入和适当的管理,发酵床可持续稳定的运行,满足生产需要,且符合粪便无公害处理的要求。

Fermenting-bed system have been developed as a new kind technology to reduce the re lease of pollutant in process. In order to find the basic parameters of litters in the new system, such as the temperature raising mode, the litter degradation mode, the microbial growth rule and so on, an experiment was conducted by the simulative fermenting bed in the laboratory. The litter sam ples were collected in different periods and analyzed the fermentation temperature,moisture,pH, content of nitrogen and most possible number （MPN） of coliform group etc. The results show that the indigenous microorganism in the litter can start the fermentation, the temperature in the bed can quickly heat to 50℃ along with the mixture of pig manure and the temperature increase more high and maintain longer time due to the more manure mix into. The water content of 65℃ can satisfy the need of fermentation,but the water content fell over time. The lose of nitrogen in litter mainly occurred in the prophase of fermentation and lots of ammonium nitrogen loses by ammo- nia. The high temperature in the bed can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful microbes. These results indicated that the fermenting-bed system can steady operate in a certain time by the continued addition of pig manure in the actual production, and the coliform group MPN in litters can meet the requirements of feces pollution-free treatment.