猪粪堆肥与化肥不同配施方式对水稻产量和养分累积的影响

Effects of different combined applications of pig manure compost and inorganic fertilizers on rice yield and nutrients accumulation

通过田间试验,研究猪粪堆肥与化肥不同配施方式对水稻生产力、养分累积和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,与当地习惯施肥相比,施氮量减少15%(204 kg·hm-2)、12.5%(210 kg·hm-2)和10%(216 kg·hm-2)的情况下,有机无机肥配施[PMCF2(猪粪堆肥6 000 kg·hm-2+50%NPK)、PMCF1(猪粪堆肥3 000 kg·hm-2+70%NPK)和PMC1(猪粪堆肥有机无机复混肥1 800 kg·hm-2)]的水稻产量(8 807～9 634 kg·hm-2)与单施化肥的水稻产量(9 162 kg·hm-2)相当。猪粪堆肥与化肥不同配施方式均能显著影响不同生育期水稻地上部养分累积量,并在总施氮量比单施化肥减少15%(204 kg·hm-2)、12.5%(210 kg·hm-2)和10%(216 kg·hm-2)的情况下,也能保证养分累积。水稻地上部氮、磷和钾养分累积动态基本一致,与产量之间具有显著的正相关。除PMC2(猪粪堆肥有机无机复混肥3 600 kg·hm-2)外,其他猪粪堆肥与化肥不同配施方式处理的水稻氮肥回收率均高于单施化肥,其中以PMCF2和PMC1最高。因此在施氮量减少10%～15%的情况下,采用有机无机肥料配施或制成有机无机复混肥即能满足苏南地区水稻的生产需求。

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different combined applications of pig manure compost（PMC） and chemical fertilizers（CF） on rice yield ,nutrients accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency. The results indicated that ：when nitrogen fertilizer application rate was reduced by 15% （204 kg·hm^-2） , 12.5% （210 kg·hm^-2） and 10% （216 kg·hm^-2） , rice yield obtained with the combined application of PMC and CF（PMC 6 000 kg·hm^-2＋50% NPK,for PMCF2 and PMC 3 000 kg·hm^-2＋70% NPK,for PMCF1 and organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with PMC and CF 1 800 kg·hm^-2, for PMCl ） , were the same as CF （9 162 kg·hm^-2 ）. Different combined applications of PMC and CF significantly influenced the shoot nutrient accumulation of rice in different growth periods,when nitrogen fertilizer application rate was reduced by 15% （204 kg-hm-2）, 12.5% （210 kg·hm^-2） and 10% （216 kg·hm^-2） ,which also could ensure the nutrient accumulation. There was the same trend on shoot N,P and K accumulation,and all had a significant positive correlation with rice yields. Except PMC2 （organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with PMC and CF 3 600 kg.hm 2）,the rice nitrogen use efficiency of combined application of PMC and CF was higher than that of CF treatment, and the highest nitrogen use efficiency was gained by PMCF2 and PMCl. In conclusion, in south Jiangsu Province rice paddies nitrogen fertilizers application rate was reduced by 10% - 15%, and using the combined application of PMC and CF or making organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with PMC and CF could meet the production requirements.