湘“瓷”还是潭“陶”?——古潭州(长沙)铜官窑多彩釉造物名实新论

Xiang“Porcelain”Or Tan“Pottery”?——On a New Interpretation about Multicolor Glaze Artifact Name of Ancient Tan State (Changsha) Kiln

唐至五代时的长沙已由晋时湘州缩小并改为潭州治所,时下本宜以潭窑相称的唐长沙铜官古窑则一直被刻意名为长沙窑。同时借文化产业发展需要及"湘瓷泛轻花"故而将其多彩釉造物产品划归为瓷的观念成为一种时尚。然而稽以文献并经由实地考察比较后发现,将唐长沙铜官古窑造物产品划归为瓷的观念在古窑所处州郡沿革、治学态度及"湘瓷"实指等方面都存诸多矛盾。考诸唐人见闻并经由对其选料分析发现,唐时古潭州(长沙)铜官窑多彩釉造物产品与其说是瓷器不如说是带有某种瓷性倾向的陶器,亦即所谓"古岸陶为器";这为客观定性古潭州(长沙)古窑多彩釉造物产品及其源流提供了新的思路。

The Changsha in from Tang dynasty to five dynasties had been changed as a seat of Tan state government after it＇ s range have been reduced from Xiang state named in Jin dynasty to Tan state named in Tang dynasty, and now the ancient kiln of Changsha Tong-guan town that should have named Tan state kiln have been called painstakingly the Changsha kiln. At the same time, the idea trying letting the artifact of Tan state kiln be named porcelain have become a fashion for a necessary of cultural industry and the ＂Xiangci fan qing hua＂ . However after having checked the relevant document and having experienced on-the-spot investigation, the fact shows that there are much contradictions to the idea trying letting the artifact of the ancient kiln of Changsha Tong-guan town be named pottery in many aspects, such as the history of states where the ancient kilns are located, the scholar attitude to ceramics science, and the real meanings of ＂Xiang porcelain＂ etc. In fact, after having checked what Tang dynasty people saw and head, and having analyzing the artifact material being selected, it shows that the multicolor glaze artifact product of ancient Tan state （Changsha） kiln should be named pottery with some porcelain taste more than porcelain, that is so-called ＂gu an tao wei qi＂ , it supplies a new thinking way for determining objectively the nature the product of ancient Tan state （Changsha） kiln and it＇ s filiation.