《凡物流形》“一”的思想构造及其位置

The Structure and Position of the Thought of “One” in Fan Wu Liu Xing

在诸子学中,如果说不同的核心术语对于不同的学派来说具有标志性或分水岭的意义,那么"一"就是能够把道家更具体地说是黄老学同其他学派划分开的一个标志性概念。《凡物流形》进一步证明了这一点。以《凡物流形》为中心,结合传世文献和出土的《黄帝四经》、《太一生水》等文献来观察,"一"在直观上就显示出了与万物之"多"的对应关系。相对于宇宙中"万物的多","一"则是万物的"生成者"和"统一者";相对于社会中"百姓的多","一"则通过"圣人"("余一人")这一政治化身来扮演统治和统一的角色。对于统治者来说,"执一"之所以是最有效的治理原理,是因为在万物和百姓之中包含着普遍的统一性。为了能够做到"执一",统治者首先要建立起政治权威,进一步则是进行精神修炼,把"心灵"专于"一"上面,以此使政治主体达到客观化,使统治具有统一的、稳定的标准和尺度。

According to some unearthed literatures as Huang Di Si Jing Shui（ 《太一生水》 ）or Fan Wu Liu Xing （ 《凡物流形》） , ＂Dao＂, is the symbolizing concept of the theory of the the ＂One＂ has （《黄帝四经》） , Tai Yi Sheng been proved that, just as the Daoist and of the Emperor Huang and Lao Zi. In this paper, we will do some investigations for rendering the structure of the thought of ＂One＂ in Fan Wu Liu Xing under the perspective of cosmology, ontology, exercising. And further, we＇ll locate the position of the thought of political thinking or spirit ＇One＂ in the theory of the Emperor Huang and Lao Zi by comparing Fan Wu Liu Xing with Huang Di Si Jing, Tai Yi Sheng Shui and other extant literatures.