知识与价值之间的内在一致——近代哲学认识论的批判性考察

The Innate Consistence between Knowledge and Value——A Critical Investigation into Epistemology of Modern Philosophy

近代哲学实现了所谓的"认识论的转向",确立了现代知识的标准。一般认为,近代哲学史就是认识论史,这个看法存在偏差。西方哲学史的发展具有连续性,追求知识的确定性和价值的完满性的内在一致是西方哲学的主导性问题,近代哲学没有偏离西方哲学的这一主导性问题,但在认识论的框架内,近代哲学的方法逻辑却导致了知识与价值的分离。近代哲学是一个整体,法国启蒙哲学促使近代哲学研究从关注知识问题向关注价值问题的转变,只从认识论的角度看待近代哲学的发展演化,就会把法国启蒙哲学排斥在外,无法显现出近代哲学的整体性。卢梭把神义论问题引入政治道德领域,力求达成价值论的现实意义和形上意义的统一。卢梭开启了近代哲学的理性批判之路,对康德哲学产生了根本性的影响。

Modern philosophy achieves the so-called ＂epistemological turn＂ to establish a standard of modern knowledge. It is generally believed that the history of modern philosophy is epistemological history. In this opinion, there is deviation. As continuity exists in the development of the history of Western philosophy and internal consistency of the pursuit of the certainty in knowledge and the perfection of value is a dominant question in Western philosophy, modern philosophy did not deviate from this question. However, within the framework of epistemology, the methods and logic of modern philosophy have led to the separation of the problems of knowledge and value. As a whole the modern philosophy is, the French enlightenment philosophy pushes modern philosophy shifting from a focus on the problem of value to a focus on the problem of knowledge. Thus, if the development and evolution of modern philosophy are viewed from the angle of epistemology, the French enlightenment philosophy will be excluded, and therefore, it is impossible to reveal the integrity of modern philosophy. Rousseau introduced theodicy question into the field of political moral in the aim of achieving the unity in the practical significance and metaphysical significance. Rousseau opened the road of rational criticism of modern philosophy, and had a profound influence on the philosophy of Kant.