从展示性与表演性看唐传奇的小说艺术观念——以张鷟《游仙窟》为中心

On the Novel Artistic Concepts of Tang Legends from the Text Expression and Performance Perspective:A Case Study on Zhang Zhuo's Youxian Ku

唐初张鷟《游仙窟》是产生不久即散失、清末方由日本回归中土的传奇作品。其特别的文本现象有二:其一,铺陈及文本镶嵌而形成的展示性;其二,特异的人物称呼产生的表演性。从展示性可探索到唐人主客观相结合的小说功用观:作家的内在意义为"真正想要展示给世人的诗文歌赋";客观上以"认知的乐趣"为主要艺术目标。从表演性可探索到唐传奇具有戏剧特征:文本阅读效果为让读者意识到叙述者存在、叙述姿态和叙述过程,提示读者意识到小说是在"假装",读者处于"虚构与真实的悖论性艺术情境"中。可以认为,唐人并不顺着单一虚构特性理解小说,而是注重现实与小说虚构之间相互交叉的艺术情境,唐人对传奇叙事文本的理解业已具有当代人所谓"元小说"的观念因素。由此可知,回到中国古代小说中存在着的文本特异现象,通过考察分析和总结,是丰富当代叙事学理论的最好途径。

Zhang Zhuo＇ s Youxian Ku as one kind of marvelous tales came out in the early Tang, and Soon disappeared but back to China in the late Qing. There are two specific text phenomena of this work which have been investigated in this arti- cle ： First, from text expression with depiction, I learn Tang Chinese novel concepts with the combination bf subjective and objective ,, which the writer was ＂really want to show to the world of poetry and songs＂ but objectively to ＂cognitive fun＂ as the main artistic goals. Secondly, from performance with the specific appellation of the characters, I explore the dramatic features of Tang legends that the reading result is to make the readers aware of the presence of the narrator, narrative ges- ture and narrative process, to prompt the reader aware of the novel being in the ＂affectation＂ so the reader is in ＂the para- dox of fiction and reality artistic context ＂. It is believed that Tang Chinese didn＇ t only understand fictional novel with a- long a single characteristic but rather focus on the art contexts between the reality and the fiction so the Tang Chinese has the concept of the so - called ＂meta - fiction＂ factor which the contemporary people understand. It can be seen it is the best way to enrich the contemporary narrative theory by examining and analyzing the specific phenomena of ancient Chinese novels.