基于GIS的中国API指数时空分布规律研究

Spatio-temporal distribution of API based on GIS in China

以2009年1月至2012年12月的中国120个重点城市的API监测数据为基础,通过选取最优的空间插值方法获得各月及各季节的API空间分布图,并运用剖面线分析等空间数据分析方法研究其空间分布规律。结果表明,API在不同时段的变化较大;存在着明显的季节变化趋势,总体上冬季最高、春季次之、夏季最低,且夏秋季基本均分布在100以内;中国空气质量状况总体良好,API主要分布在51~100之间,但有较多地区分布在80~100间,空气环境质量仍不容乐观;API分布着以兰州和西宁为中心、陕西省西安市为中心及乌鲁木齐市和吐鲁番市为中心的几个空气质量较差的高值集聚的＂热点＂区域及海南省、广东省及福建省的沿海区域、西藏自治区等几个空气质量较好的低值集聚的＂冷点＂区域;在N-S、WE、NW-SE、NE-SW四个剖面线方向上相同季节的分布趋势基本一致,且同一方向上春夏秋冬四季的分布也大致相同,基本呈现＂低-高-低＂的分布趋势且北方地区明显高于南方地区。

Based on the API monitoring data of 120 major cities in China from January 2009 to December 2012, API spatial distribution map of each month and season was obtained by extracting the optimal spatial interpolation method. Spatial data analysis methods such as analysis of section line were used for studying spatial distribution patterns. The results showed that the variation trend of API was large at different times in each region with obviously seasonal variation trend. In general, it was highest in winter, next spring and lowest in summer, which basic distribution was within 100 in summer and autumn. The air quality conditions were overall well in China with API mainly distributed between 51 and 100, however, which was not very well in more areas with API distributed between 80 and 100. API distributed in the areas centered on Lanzhou, Xi＇an in Shanxi, Urumqi and Turpan, which were ＂hot spot＂ regions with poor air quality and high AP1 value, and the coastal regions of Hainan, Guangdong and Fujian province and Tibet which were ＂cold spot＂ regions with well air quality and low API value. The API distribution trend in the same season was basically accordant with N-S, W-E, NW-SE and NE-SW directions, and roughly same in four seasons in the same direction which presented the ＂low - high - low＂ distribution trend, and the south was apparent higher than the north.