矸石山不同造林模式对土壤养分及酶活性影响的研究

Study on soil nutrition and enzyme activity under different afforestation models in coal waste pile

本文以抚顺矸石山立地条件下树龄为10年的刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia L.、火炬Rhus typhina Nutt、白榆Ulmus pumila L.、沙棘Hippophae rhamnoides L.林以及植被自然恢复裸地(CK)5种植被恢复模式为研究对象,按土壤发生学层次进行采样,对土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、pH、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶等指标进行研究,结果表明:与CK相比,4种造林模式显著提高了Ah层的土壤有机质和养分含量,其中,有机质、有效磷改良效果最好的是白榆模式,分别增加了194.8%、442.9%;速效钾改良效果最好的是刺槐模式,增加了262.0%;碱解氮则是火炬模式改良效果最好,增加了509.2%。不同造林模式与CK相比增加了各层次的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,其中,蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性Ah层最大的是火炬模式,增加了134.5%和880.9%;脲酶酶活性最大的是白榆模式,增加了119.1%。从垂直角度看,有机质、碱解氮、过氧化氢酶、脲酶随土层加深含量降低,在C层达到最小值,而速效钾、有效磷、蔗糖酶的最小值则出现在AC层;不同模式对土壤pH影响不一,垂直规律不明显。

In this paper, five afforestation models i.e. Robinia pseucdoacacia L., Rhus typhina Nutt, Ulmus pumila L., Hippophae rhamnoides L. and natural restoration land （take as control） were studied respectively. According to soil genesis, soil samples were collected and values of organic matter, available phosphorus, available kalium, pH and enzyme activities of catalase, invertase and urease in each soil sample were investigated. Contrasting with the control, the amount of soil nutrition in the soil horizon of Ah were increased in four afforestation models. The model of Ulmus pumila showed the best improvement effects of organic matter and available phosphorus, and increased 194.8% and 442.9%, respectively. The model of Robinia pseudoacacia and the model of Rhus typhina showed the highest improvement effects of available kalium and alkali hydrolysable respectively and increased 262.0% and 509.2% respectively. Contrasting with the control, the activities of catalase, invertase and urease were all increased in the four vegetation restoration models. The highest activities of catalase and urease in Ah appeared in Rhus typhina moddle, and increased 134.5% and 880.9% respectively. The highest activity of urease appeared in Ulmus pumila moddle and increased 119.1%. Vertically, organic matter, alkali hydrolysable, catalase and urease decrease with the depth of the soil and reached the lowest at C level. The lowest amount of available kalium, available phosphorus and activity of invertase appeared at the Level of AC. There was no particular pattern ofpH variation along the vertical shift.