数量柔性契约的协调效率研究

Research on Coordination Efficiency for Quantity Flexibility Contract

在全球一体化进程中,市场竞争已不再局限于企业与企业的竞争,而是扩展到了供应链与供应链的竞争。如何引入有效机制,提高供应链协调效率和供应链柔性,增强供应链快速响应需求变化的能力已成为现代企业迫切需要解决的难题。供应链契约为供应链参与者提供一个有效的解决方案,通过供销双方协商制定契约来避免由市场需求的不确定性和市场价格的波动性等因素所造成的风险,提高供应链柔性,从而确保供应链内部和外部活动的稳定性和安全性。数量柔性契约是指供应商允许零售商在观察市场需求变化之后改变最初订购量的协议。文章阐述了数量柔性契约的基本概念和执行过程,在此基础上建立模型,定性描述了该执行过程。在数量柔性契约的协调效率研究方面,综合考虑了柔性区间的协调作用,明确提出了柔性区间在供应链协调方面的三个重要协调作用。

In the process of globalization, market competition no longer merely remains between companies. Instead, it has extended to supply chain. Modern company has to face a problem： how to improve the coordination efficiency and the flexibility in supply chain, with which a supply chain is able to adapt to changes in demand, by effective incentive mechanism. Supply chain contract provides an effective solution for supply chain participants to relieving the risks caused by the demand uncertainty and price fluctuation, and consequently improve the flexibility of the supply chain. It is of help to maintain the stability and safety of both internal and external activities. Quantity flexibility contract allow retailer to modify his original order for the market changes. The basic concepts and implementation process of quantity flexibility is elaborated, based on which a model is built to qualitative describe the implementation process. In the respect of coordination efficiency research, the function of flexibility interval is discussed. Results suggest that the flexibility interval has three main functions to the coordinate in supply chain.