司马迁开明思想略议——以《洪范》、“天人三策”为背景

On Sima Qian's Literal Views Based on Hong Fan and Tian Ren San Ce

同样是阐释治国之道,《洪范》与"天人三策"至少在如何认识天人关系与天子权力等方面存在明显差异。以此为背景观照司马迁,可知他在把握这些重大问题时的认识实乃倾向于前者而不是后者,显示了他与董仲舒等汉儒迥然有异的思想旨趣。《洪范》是一部闪烁着民主光芒的宪法,《史记》则是一部思想开明的史学巨著,它们对古代思想史的卓越贡献理应引起当代学人的高度重视和积极借鉴。

There are the great differences in the explanation of government management how to understand the relations of Na- ture and human and the power of the emperor in Hang Fan and Tian Ren San Ce. Reviewing the thoughts of Sima Qian, he was found to the tendency of agreeing the latter, which discovers his thoughts different from Dong Zhongshu. Hong Fan can be consid- ered as the constitutions of advocating democracy, while Historical Records is the open-minded history book. They should be reconsidered and reused for its contributions to the ancient thoughts history.