10个不同品种的薄壳山核桃脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成分析

Fat content and fatty acid composition of ten Carya illinoensis cultivars

以10个不同品种薄壳山核桃Carya illinoensis为试材,采用气相色谱法,测定不同品种的薄壳山核桃的脂肪相对含量及脂肪酸组成成分。测定结果表明:核桃仁中的脂肪相对含量为69.11%～78.19%,出仁率为36.79%～59.47%,脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸>90.00%,其中以油酸最高,其次是亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸、花生酸,且油酸和亚油酸存在极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),不同品种的薄壳山核桃油脂肪酸组成相同,但脂肪酸相对含量有显著差异(P<0.05),其单不饱和脂肪酸(油酸)相对含量为73.01%～58.76%;多不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸为主,相对含量为32.20%～19.69%,且出油率与出仁率呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),同出籽率和果皮厚度没有明显的关系。

This work analyzed the fat composition and the fatty acid composition of ten Carya illinoensis （pecan）cultivars by using gas chromatography and a correlation analysis.Results showed that fat content between 69.11％-78.19％ for all pecan kernels,including palmitic （C16：0）,stearic （C18：0）,oleic（C18：1）,linoleic（C18：2）,linolenic（C18：3）,arachidic（C20：0）.And kernel content of the seed ranged from 36.79％-59.49％.Fatty acid content was greater than 90.00％ with oleic and linoleic percentages having a significant negative correlation （r =-0.994 2,P＜0.01）.For pecan oils,the correlation analysis showed significant differences （P＜0.05）in the fatty acid contents.The mono unsaturated fatty acid （MUFA） content of the fat was 73.01％-58.76％; the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content was 32.20％-19.69％.Also,oil yield and shelling percentage had a significant positive correlation （r =0.674 0,P＜0.01） ; whereas,rate of seed and peel thickness was not significant.