孙权称帝迟于曹丕、刘备原因论

On the Causes of Sun Quan's Later Action in Proclaiming Emperor than Cao Pi and Liu Bei

孙权远迟于曹丕、刘备称帝,其因较为复杂:袭取荆州担心蜀汉报复是直接原因;难以同时对抗魏、蜀二国,向魏称臣是战略原因;难以与天下争衡是能力原因;只求划江而治是理想原因;隐忍可屈是性格原因。当孙权感到称帝再无任何危险,方才"顺应天命",宣布称帝。可见,孙权处理与魏蜀关系的策略,显得相当灵活。但从政治才能与政治性格上讲,孙权是一个缺少一统天下之志,行事谨慎之人。

There are five reasons for the fact that Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor later than Cao Pi and Liu Bei. The direct cause is his fear of Liu Bei's revenge after attacking and occupying Jingzhou city; the strategic cause is that Sun Quan had a difficulty against two kingdoms,Wei and Shu,at the same time; the third cause lies in his lack of ability to gain victory over the world; the fourth cause lies in his ideal to occupy the area south of Yangtze River; the fifth cause lies in his character of moderation and endurance. Only after realizing there was no danger did Sun Quan declared to be an emperor. Sun Quan owned political skills to handle bilateral ralations but lacked the ambition to unifying the whole country.