雷公藤炭疽病病原鉴定及其流行规律

Pathogen identification of Tripterygium wilfordii anthracnose and its epidemic regularity

雷公藤是传统道地中药材,泰宁县是福建省雷公藤的重要产区,炭疽病是雷公藤最为严重的病害之一。为明确病害病原和有效开展预测预报,经致病性测定与形态学观察,确定雷公藤炭疽病病原有性态为围小丛壳菌[Glomerella cingulata(Stonem.)Spauld.et Schrenk],无性态为胶胞炭疽菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.]。病害发生发展规律调查表明,雷公藤炭疽病菌以菌丝或子实体在病落叶和植株残留病叶中越冬,分生孢子借助气流和雨水飞溅传播,以自然孔口侵入为主,新叶较老叶先发病,病害一般5月开始发病,7、8月份表现为发病高峰期,9、10月份病情有所缓解,11月份停止发展。

Tripterygium wilfordii is one of the traditional authentic Chinese herbs with broad prospects for market development. 7＇. wilfordii anthraenose is one of the most serious diseases that hinder the development of T. wilfordii industry. For the purpose of guid- ing to control this disease by means of forecast, the pathogen of T. wilfordii anthracnose was identified, and the epidemic regularity of this disease was investigated. The result showed that the teleomorph and anamorph of this pathogen were Glomerella cingulata （ Stonem. ） Spauld. et Sehrenk and Colletotrichu gloeosporioides （ Penz. ）Sacc. respectively. The pathogev survived in the defoli- ation or invalid body in the form of hyphae or sporocarp in winter. The conidia were disseminated by means of airflow and wind- blown rain, and invaded T. wilfordii mainly from natural openings in the forest. The new leaves were attacked earlier than the old ones. The disease generally appeared in May, and outbroke from July to August, alleviated in September and stopped developing in November.