以自然对抗文明:西方文学的现代性批判主题

The Critique of Modernity in Western Literature:The Opposition Between Nature and Civilization

西方的启蒙文学、感伤主义文学、浪漫主义文学、批判现实主义文学、现代主义文学等代表性作品都不同程度地蕴含着自然与文明对立的主题。西方文学的自然与文明对立主题,是具有现代性的主题。现代性是处在现代条件下的人对现代文明的感觉和态度。18世纪以来的西方众多作家赞美大自然和自然人性,批判现代文明,使其作品具有了现代性特质;作品所表现的以自然对抗文明的主题,具有了现代性批判的深度。西方作家在作品中所表现的现代性批判主题,并不意味着他们故意要与现代文明唱反调,而是为了呵护本真自然的人性、守护人类的精神家园。

Enlightenment literature, Sentimentalism literature, Romantic literature, Critical realism literature, Modernist literature, etc., embody compliments to nature and criticism to civilization in different degrees. The opposition theme between nature and civilization in western literature shows modernity, which represents individual＇s institution and attitude towards modem civilization in the context of modem condition. Since 18th century, western literature shows opposition theme between nature and civilization in an apparent or hidden way. Many representative works, such as western writers endowed their works with modernity characteristics by eulogizing nature, natural humanity as well as criticizing modem civilization. The opposition theme between nature and civilization presented in the works are featured with modernity critique. The critique theme of modernity expressed in western writers＇ works does not necessarily mean that they run counter to modern civilization, but for the sake of preserving natural humanity and guarding their spiritual homeland.