古汉语比喻特殊句式——兼论借喻与借代、比喻与比喻义的区别

On Special Metaphoric Sentence Pattern in Classical Chinese——With Discussion on the differences of Metonymy,Synecdoche and Metaphor,Metaphorical Meaning

古汉语语法研究中的名词谓语句、名词作状语具有鲜明的修辞学意义,是两种常见而又特殊的古汉语比喻句式。重新认识"相似关系"和"相关关系"是区分借喻和借代辞格的关键。其中,相似相关关系是借喻辞格的基础,借助想象思维。非相似相关关系是借代辞格的基础,借助联想活动。比喻引申义是比喻修辞逐渐固化充当词语义项的结果。

In classical Chinese; nouns acting, as predications and adverbials have explicit rhetoric significance, and are two frequently used but unique metaphorical sentence pattern.Bing Observing＂similarity＂and＂ relevance＂is the key to distinguish the difference between metonymy and synecdoche.The formation of metonymy is based on＂similar relationship＂,which relies on imaginary thinking; synecdoche is based on＂non-similar relationship＂,which relies on associative activity.The of a metaphor are formulated by metaphor and contribute to the new explanation of The formation of extended meanings a word.