黑琴鸡北方亚种mtDNA D-loop遗传多样性初步研究

Genetic Diversity of the Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix baikalensis at Daxinganling Based on the mtDNA D-loop Sequences

黑琴鸡(Tetrao tetrix)为国家Ⅱ级保护动物,但近年来种群数量不断减少。因此,了解不同种群的遗传变异情况,可为制定保护管理策略提供依据,以便恢复野外种群的数量。本文测定加格达奇(42个个体)和呼伦贝尔市扎兰屯(76个个体)两个黑琴鸡种群的共118个个体的mtDNA D-loop序列,共发现25个变异位点,定义了33个单倍型,整体的平均核苷酸差异数(K)为2.608,核苷酸多样性(π)为0.228%,种群的遗传多样性偏低,两个种群有一定的基因交流,N m为14.63,群体间无显著的遗传分化。Tajima's D和Fu﹠Li's D的估算结果表明,这两个黑琴鸡种群相对于中性的歧异度并没有明显的偏离(P>0.1),两个种群可能未经过大规模的种群扩张过程。

The Black Grouse （ Tetrao tetrix） is one of the class II national protected birds in China, and its population is declining in recent years. To understand the difference of genetic variation among populations can provide basic knowledge for the conservation of endangered species, and help to develop management strategies. The genetic diversity of two Black Grouse （ T. t. baikalensi） populations at Jagdaqi and Zhalantun, Daxinganling of northeast China were analyzed by the polymorphism of mtDNA D-loop sequences. 118 complete sequences were determined using DNA sequencing technology. 25 polymorphic sites, and 33 haplotypes were defined, of which 4 haplotypes were shared between two populations. The nucleotide diversity （or）of Black Grouse in Jagdaqi and Zhalantun populations were 0. 279% and 0. 191% respectively, with higher polymorphism in Jagdaqi population. The average number of nucleotide difference （K） and the nucleotide diversity（Tr）were 2. 608 and 0. 228% in integral population. There was gene exchange between the two populations （ Nm = 14. 63）, and their genetic divergence was not significant. The estimate of Tajima＇s D and Fu ＆ Li＇s D didn＇t deviate significantly from the neutral selection hypothesis（ P 〉 0. 1 ）for the two populations, suggesting that they might not have been large-scale population expansion process.